Controlling The Bioremediation Process

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Figure 3. Comparison of microbial growth rate vs. Waste concentration curves for conventional (noninhibitory) wastes and hazardous or toxic (inhibitory) wastes.

Controlling the bioremediation process
Hazardous organic substances, depending on their concentration, can be both a food source and a poison to microbes. The plot in Figure 3 shows the kinetic response of microbial populations to two classes of substances: Non- inhibitory and inhibitory substrates as a function of waste concentration. Non-inhibitory substrates include domestic wastewaters, brewery wastes, glucose and many food processing wastes. Microbes respond to these substrates by growing more rapidly as the concentration rises, with the growth rate approaching a maximum level at higher concentrations. Inhibitory substances include materials such as phenol, orthochiorophenol and dinitrophenol. These compounds are easily biodegraded at low concentrations, but as their concentration increases beyond a certain point, microbial growth rates typically attain a peak and then decrease. This behavior contrasts sharply with that characteristic of noninhibitory substrates. The different biokinetic characteristics of inhibitory materials must be considered in the design and operation of the biotreatment systems intended to deal with them.
The development of rapid techniques for determining biokinetics as a function of substrate, such as electrolytic respirometry, has turned bioremediation from an art into a science. Quantification of biological processes has also led to a computer model for design and operation of both biotreatment and bioremediation systems.
There is a patented bioprocess control algorithm that is a systematic approach to devising design and operational control strategies using the predictive capability of process control models calibrated by microbial respirometry, or oxygen uptake measurements. The respirometric readings are translated into quantitative parameters that characterize a microbial system’s ability to degrade a particular waste or contaminant. These parameters are inserted into a process control model to make quantitative recommendations for process design or operations. The model enables an operator to size a reactor, adjust flow rate or predict process performance for a given set of influent conditions. Continue Reading........

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